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| SHAKUHACHI GLOSSARY |
| Ai-no-te Music performed between vocal sections Atari To strike a finger hole Ato-Uta Ending vocal section Chikuzen ichinyo The bamboo and Zen are as one Chirashi Climax of section Danmono Scored in Dans without vocal sections Dojikyoku Children's song. Actually called "Dokyoku" Furi A rapid meri/kari head dip. Gaikyoku Outside Music Gakufu Musical notation Hachigaeshi Returning the bowl. Hate A light kind of honkyoku. Played in the afternoon when free from strict discipline of religion. Honte The main body of a piece Ichi Ji Ichi Ritsu One temple, one piece Ichion Jobutsu To reach enlightenment by the use of only one sound Jiuta Music originally composed for Shamisen Kaede Secondary arrangement of a piece Kan Upper register Kari Blow by putting the chin up, to raise the tone Komi Buki Big breath Kumiuta Pieces for Koto license Mae-Uta Opening vocal section Meri Blow by putting the chin down, to lower the tone Miyakobushi scale D, Eb, F, G, Ab, C, D Nagashi Playing in the street , flowing Naka-uta Middle vocal section Nayashi To begin pitch meri and rise to standard pitch Otsu Low register Reibo Yearning for the Bell Sankyoku Music with three instruments Shaku 30.30 cm Shirabe To check the sounds and move into the proper frame of mind before performing Honkyoku Sokyoku Music originally composed for Koto Sugagaki The term Sugagaki, when used in Shakuhachi music, simply means pieces which are unrelated to the Fuke legend. The term Sugagaki also refers to a technique used in solo Koto music without voice. Sun 3.03 cm Suri Glissando Suri age A slide upwards Takane Section of a honkyoku piece usually played in the upper octave, often containing the climax of the piece Takuhatsu Begging in the streets. Pieces played by Komuso when begging. Tamane Flutter tongue technique Tegoto Musical Interlude Tegotomono Musical form with Tegoto Utaguchi The sharp blowing edge of the shakuhahi Yuri Vibrato trivia California Great Bamboo (Arundo donax) is often considered indigenous to the Mediterranean Basin (TNC 1993, Hickman 1993) or to warmer regions of the Old World (Munz and Keck 1959, Robbins et al. 1951), but it is apparently an ancient introduction into Europe from the Indian sub-continent (G. Bell, pers. comm.). In Eurasia it similarly inhabits low gradient rivercourses and may provide useful wildlife habitat in greatly altered river deltas (Granval et al. 1993, He et al. 1991). Incidentally, this plant has played an important role in the development of music, as the cane was the source of the original Pan pipe or syrinx, and remains the source of reeds for woodwind instruments (Perdue 1958). Arundo was brought to North America quite early, as it was abundant by 1820 in the Los Angeles River, where it was harvested for roofing material and fodder (Robbins et al. 1951). Commercial plantations exist in California based on cane use for musical instrument production, and other commercial possibilities could be explored. Horticultural propagation is widely conducted, and varieties of Arundo are available and commonly used in gardens or for erosion control (Loewer 1995, Sunset 1967). Invasive populations almost certainly resulted from escapes and displacement of plants from managed habitats (V. Vartanian, pers. comm.). GIANT TIMBER BAMBOO, MADAKE, PHYLLOSTACHYS BAMBUSOIDES, ku-chiku - large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely grown elsewhere. IKIGAESHI - Literally “breath return”;A crescent shaped spacer at the upper most portion of the flute bore (at the utaguchi) used to partially close off the bore. Usefull in maintaining notes during embroucher changes EMBROUCHER - The position of a flute player's mouth while playing a flute. UTAGUCHI - Literally “song mouth”;The top of the Shakuhachi with a diagonally cut edge used for producing sound. URUSHI - From the Lacquer Tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum or Rhus verniciflua), also call Varnish Tree, Japanese lacquer Tree, Japanese Varnish Tree and Japanese Sumac, is a species of genus Rhus and Toxicodendron that grows in East Asia, in regions of China and Japan. The trees are cultivated and tapped for its toxic sap, which is used as a highly durable lacquer to make Chinese and Japanese lacquer ware.The trees grow up to 20 m tall with large leaves, each containing from 7 to 19 leaflets (most often 11-13). The sap contains the allergenic compound urushiol, which gets its name from this species which in Japanese is known as Urushi. Other names for this species include (Note: the term varnish tree is also occasionally applied to the Candlenut, Aleurites moluccana, a southeast Asian tree unrelated to Toxicodendron). Used as a caustic, toxic sap is tapped from the trunk of the Lacquer Tree to produce lacquer for lacquerware. This is done by slashing the trunk of a 10 year old tree horizontally 5-10 times, and then collecting the greyish yellow sap exuding from the wounds. The sap is then filtered, heat-treated, or coloured before applying onto a base material that is to be lacquered. Curing the applied sap requires drying it in a humid chamber or closet for 12 to 24 hours where the urushiol polymerizes to form a clear, hard, and waterproof surface.The leaves, seeds, and the resin of the Lacquer Tree are sometimes used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of internal parasites and for stopping bleeding. |
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